Which of the following second-grade students would likely have the greatest difficulty comprehending grade-level text?

A student who has good listening comprehension but poor automatic word recognition skills is likely to experience the greatest difficulty comprehending grade-level text because effective reading comprehension relies heavily on the ability to recognize words quickly and automatically. When a reader struggles with word recognition, they must spend more cognitive resources decoding each word, which can detract from their ability to understand the overall meaning of the text. In contrast, individuals with excellent word recognition or those who read at grade level typically have the skills necessary to access the text's meaning without becoming bogged down by the mechanics of reading. While a student who can write well may still struggle with oral language, their ability to generate text might not directly impact their reading comprehension in the same way that word recognition does.